基于经血源性子宫内膜干细胞的中枢神经系统疾病治疗的研究进展

Process in menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of central nervous system diseases

摘要:

干细胞研究已成为当今生命科学领域中的前沿和热点问题，该研究为探讨胚胎发生、组织细胞分化以及基因表达调控等生物学问题提供了理想的模型，同时也为临床组织缺陷性疾病和遗传性疾病的细胞治疗和基因治疗开辟了新的手段。其中，经血源性子宫内膜干细胞 (Menstrual blood-derived stem cells，MenSCs) 来源丰富，具有多向分化潜能和较低的免疫排斥的特性，可以实现个体化治疗，是临床最具有应用优势的干细胞。脑与脊髓作为中枢神经系统，其损伤极为常见，致死率和致残率居各类创伤之首。与周围神经系统损伤相比，中枢神经受损后恢复较为困难，其治疗仍缺乏突破。而MenSCs的治疗有希望解决此难题，故结合近年来国内外对MenSCs的生物学特性及其对中枢神经系统疾病治疗的研究作一综述，从而为中枢神经系统疾病的治疗提供参考。

Abstract:

Stem cell research has become a frontier in the field of life sciences, and provides an ideal model for exploring developmental biology problems such as embryogenesis, histiocytosis, and gene expression regulation, as well as opens up new doors for clinical tissue defective and inheritance diseases. Among them, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are characterized by wide source, multi-directional differentiation potential, low immune rejection characteristics. Thus, MenSCs can achieve individual treatment and have the most advantage of the clinical application. The central nervous system, including brain and spinal cord, is susceptible to injury. And lethality and morbidity of them tops the list of all types of trauma. Compared to peripheral nervous system, recovery of central nervous system after damage remains extremely hard. However, the treatment of stem cells, especially MenSCs, is expected to solve this problem. Therefore, biological characteristics of MenSCs and their treatment in the respect of central nervous system diseases have been reviewed at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide reference for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.