w-转氨酶分子改造研究进展

Advances in molecular modification of w-transaminase

摘要:

w-转氨酶能催化羰基化合物发生不对称还原胺化反应，在制备手性胺类化合物方面具有较好的应用前景。由于底物结合区域特殊的空间结构，野生型w-转氨酶在合成大位阻手性胺方面的应用受到了限制。此外，在立体选择性和稳定性方面这一类酶也存在一些不足，目前满足工业应用需求的w-转氨酶仍较为有限。文中首先介绍了w-转氨酶的结构特征和催化机制，并探讨S型和R型酶在结构特征方面的主要差异。然后对w-转氨酶的分子改造研究进行了综述，重点阐述了基于结构特征和催化机制进行的分子改造研究，包括底物特异性改造、立体选择性改造和稳定性改造三方面。最后，对w-转氨酶分子改造研究进展进行总结和展望。

Abstract:

w-Transaminase catalyzes the asymmetric reductive amination of carbonyl compounds, and has great application prospect in the preparation of chiral amines. The application in synthesis of bulky chiral amines is limited by the special structure of substrate binding region in the wild-type enzyme. Moreover, there are also some drawbacks in the stereoselectivity and stability of w-transaminase. So far, w-transaminase satisfying the industrial requirements is still rare. In this review, we first introduce the structure and catalytic mechanism of w-transaminase, and then discuss the structural differences between S-selective and R-selective enzymes. Molecular modification of w-transaminase was introduced in detail, by focusing on the structure and mechanism-based molecular modification, including substrate specificity, stereoselectivity, and stability.