中国西藏部分地区猪戊型肝炎病毒流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of hepatitis E virus infection in Tibetan swine population

摘要:

戊型肝炎病毒 (Hepatitis E Virus，HEV) 感染是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题，而猪被认为是HEV的天然宿主。HEV可以跨种间传播，且已经证实生吃感染的猪肉会导致人感染。在中国西藏许多地区仍然有生吃猪肉、猪肝等的习惯，且不同种家畜混合饲养，极易造成HEV感染和传播。然而中国西藏地区猪HEV流行情况报道甚少。文中对中国西藏5个地区市 (拉萨、日喀则、山南、那曲和昌都) 猪血清进行HEV Immunoglobulin-M (IgM) 和IgG抗体检测，并通过逆转录巢氏PCR (RT-nPCR) 进行HEV RNA检测和定量RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) 进行病毒拷贝计算，首次报道了藏猪血清HEV RNA阳性率。结果显示，在西藏猪中HEV有较高的流行趋势。猪血清HEV IgM抗体阳性率高达7.6% (26/340)，HEV IgG抗体阳性率为1.8% (6/340)，HEV RNA阳性率高达7.6% (26/340)，血清中病毒拷贝高达1.7×107 copies/mL，而且5个地区有不同的流行趋势。结果表明西藏猪HEV感染情况严重。有关部门应加强管理，以避免人与动物之间的交叉感染和暴发。

Abstract:

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a main global public health issue. HEV can be zoonotically transmitted across species, and swine is recognized as a major reservoir of HEV. However, information is lacking on the prevalence of HEV infection in Tibet of China, where raw pork and mixed farming of different species of domestic animals are consumed traditionally. In this study, swine serum was collected for HEV IgM and IgG antibodies test from five regions in Tibet of China. Meanwhile, HEV RNA was detected in swine sera. HEV has a high prevalence trend in Tibetan swine. Swine serum anti-HEV IgM antibody positive rate was as high as 7.6%, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG antibody was 1.8%, the positive rate of HEV RNA also was 7.6%, the virus titers in serum was above 1.7×107 copies/mL, and there were different epidemic trends in five regions. In conclusion, antibody detection and RNA detection showed that swine in Tibet had a higher incidence of HEV infection. HEV infection in Tibetan swine is more serious and management should be strengthened to avoid cross-infection between humans and animals and outbreaks in Tibet.