代谢工程改造异养微生物固定CO2研究进展

Advances in metabolic engineering of heterotrophic microorganisms for CO2 fixation: a review

摘要:

环境保护和能源供应是人类关心的两大问题。能源消耗释放出的温室气体对环境造成了严重影响。利用CO2固定途径可将CO2转化成燃料或化学品。天然固碳生物通常存在生长缓慢、固碳效率低等问题。通过在模式微生物中增强或重构CO2固定途径，实现CO2的再循环，可提高燃料或化学品的产量，减少温室气体排放。文中详细介绍了通过代谢工程手段改造CO2固定途径改善化学品生产以及糖合成，阐述了相关代谢途径及其中的关键酶在CO2固定中的作用，介绍了电生化合成系统的应用，显示出CO2固定的巨大潜力，并展望了未来CO2固定的研究方向。

Abstract:

Environmental protection and energy supply are our two major concerns. Greenhouse gases released from energy consumption have serious impact on the environment. CO2 fixation can be used to convert CO2 into fuels or chemicals. However, natural carbon-fixing organisms usually have some disadvantages such as slow growth and low carbon fixation efficiency. Enhancing or remodeling CO2 fixation pathways in model microorganisms can realize CO2 recycling, which can further increase fuel or chemical production and reduce greenhouse gas emission. This review describes in detail metabolic engineering of CO2 fixation pathways to improve chemical production and sugar synthesis, elaborates the role of relevant metabolic pathways and key enzymes in CO2 fixation, introduces the application of electro-biochemical synthesis system, shows the great potential of CO2 fixation, and prospects the future research direction of CO2 fixation.