神经元稳态失衡和饮食诱导肥胖症的相关性研究进展

Advances in the correlation between loss of neural homeostasis and diet-induced obesity

摘要:

近年来，因肥胖症所造成的社会问题和医疗负担越发严重。肥胖主要是由于机体能量的摄入与消耗不平衡所致，而中枢神经系统以及相关神经元在机体能量代谢平衡的调控中发挥着重要作用。下丘脑弓状核含有抑食性阿黑皮素原 (Proopiomelanocortin，POMC) 神经元和促食性神经肽Y (Neuropeptid Y，NPY)/刺鼠相关蛋白 (Agouti-related protein，AgRP) 神经元，是调控机体摄食行为的主要神经元。研究显示，高脂饮食会诱导POMC神经元中的Rb蛋白发生磷酸化修饰并失活，导致POMC神经元从静息状态重新进入细胞周期循环，进而迅速转向细胞凋亡。高脂饮食也会引起神经元再生抑制，并诱导炎症发生和神经元损伤，使神经元稳态失衡，引发瘦素抵抗，最终导致肥胖症的发生。文中就神经元稳态失衡以及肥胖症等疾病之间的关系进行了综述，希望能为饮食诱导肥胖症等疾病的治疗和预防提供新的方向和思路。

Abstract:

The social problems and medical burdens caused by obesity have become more serious in recent years. Obesity is mainly caused by the imbalance of energy intake and consumption in the body. The central nervous system and related neurons regulate the balance of energy metabolism. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic neuropeptid Y(NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons that regulate the feeding behavior of body. High-fat diet induces phosphorylation of Rb protein in POMC neurons, and inactivation of Rb phosphorylation leads to re-entry of POMC neurons from the resting-state into the cell cycle, which rapidly shifts to apoptosis. High-fat diet also causes the inhibition of neuronal regeneration, induces inflammation and neuronal damage, loss of neuronal homeostasis, leptin resistance, and ultimately leads to obesity. This review discusses the relationship between loss of neuronal homeostasis and dietary obesity, as well as the underlying mechanisms, which might?provide the evidence for prevention and treatment of these diseases.