高油酸花生新品种宇花91的选育

Breeding on a new peanut variety Yuhua91 with high oleic acid content

摘要:

宇花91是青岛农业大学选育的高油酸花生新品种。以普通油酸含量品种鲁花11号为母本，F435型高油酸花生品种开农1715为父本配置杂交组合。利用PCR产物测序法筛选获得F1代真杂种，对F2代单株提取叶片基因组DNA，利用PCR产物测序法筛选基因型纯合的单株个体。对当代收获的单株籽粒利用近红外法多粒模型测定油酸、亚油酸含量，筛选油酸含量在80%以上且油酸亚油酸比值在10.0以上的单株种植成株行，随后利用系谱法进行选择育种。宇花91荚果为普通型小果，网纹较细、较明显，百果重148.06 g，百仁重63.31 g，果皮薄，出米率75.15%。籽仁长椭圆形，种皮粉红色、无裂纹，内种皮白色。籽仁蛋白质含量26.57%，脂肪含量52.72%，油酸含量80.40%，亚油酸含量2.50%，棕榈酸含量5.57%，油酸亚油酸比值32.16。苗期生长旺盛，封垄早，结果集中，中抗叶斑病和青枯病。2017年参加山东省夏播多点试验，平均荚果产量215.79 kg/667 m2，比对照花育20号增产15.27%；平均籽仁产量157.33 kg/667 m2，比对照花育20号增产21.64%。2018年通过国家花生品种登记，登记号：GPD花生 (2018) 370210，适于在山东花生产区种植。

关键词:花生，高油酸，宇花91，F435，标记辅助选择

Abstract:

Yuhua91 is a new peanut variety with high oleic acid content bred by Qingdao Agricultural University. The crossing was conducted with Luhua11 as female parent and with Kainong1715, an F435-type variety with high oleic acid content as male parent. The real F1 hybrids were screened by sequencing on PCR amplification products, and those homozygotes with bb genotype in F2 populations were screened by the same sequencing method as above. The content of oleic and linoleic acid was measured on the kernels harvested from F2 single plants by near infrared ray method, and those kernels whose content of oleic was above 80%, oleic and linoleic acid ratio was above 10.0 were obtained and planted into a row, with pedigree method for subsequent selection breeding. Yuhua91 has some characters of small pod, light and obvious pod texture, 148.06 g per 100 pods, 63.31 g per 100 kernels, 75.15% shelling percentage, long elliptic seed kernel, pink seed coat, without crack, white endotesta. Its content of protein, oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid was 26.57%, 52.72%, 80.40%, 2.50% and 5.57% respectively. Yuhua91 has other characters of strong seedlings, compact pod areas, and moderate resistance to leaf spot disease and bacterial wilt. Average pod yield is 215.79 kg per Mu, 15.27% higher than the control variety Huayu20. Average seed kernels yield is 157.33 kg per Mu, 21.64% higher than the control variety Huayu20. Yuhua 91 has been registered on department of agriculture in 2018, and the registration No. is GPD peanut (2018) 370210, fit for growing in Shandong Province.

Key words:peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), high oleic acid, Yuhua91, F435, marker assisted selection (MAS)