基因组学技术解码天然产物合成

Genomics approaches decode natural products synthesis

摘要:

天然产物一直以来都是新药发现的重要来源。自20世纪末以来，随着组学技术的不断发展，许多生物的基因组被破译并解析，发现基因组中潜藏着众多未知的天然产物生物合成基因簇，而这些基因簇在实验室生长条件下无法表达或低表达。因此，需要综合运用多种学科深入挖掘生物中潜藏的具有新型结构和生物活性的天然产物，使其广泛应用于人类的生产生活。文中将从天然产物合成基因簇的挖掘、“沉默”天然产物合成途径的激活和生物底盘构建3个方面简述基因组学技术在天然产物挖掘中的研究进展。

Abstract:

Novel natural products have always been the most important sources for discovery of new drugs. Since the end of the 20th century, advances in genomics technology have contributed to decode and analyze numerous genomes, revealing remarkable potential for production of new natural products in organisms. However, this potential is hampered by laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, the integration of all these new advances is necessary to unveil these treasures, addressing the rise in resistance to antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the strategies of genome mining, inducing the expression of silent biosynthetic gene clusters and construction of biological chassis.