工业微生物遗传和环境扰动的调控和适应进化

Regulation and adaptive evolution of industrial microorganisms towards genetic and environmental disturbances

摘要:

开发工业微生物，使其利用可再生的原料生产生物燃料、大宗化学品、食品添加剂和营养品、药物以及工业酶等，是发展生物产业的基础。工业微生物高产和胁迫抗性等鲁棒性状受复杂遗传调控网络控制，其改造需要从全基因组尺度进行系统的全局的多位点的扰动，以达到快速积累多样性基因型突变并产生所期望的表型。文中对工业微生物鲁棒性状的遗传调控与胁迫响应机制、基因组全局扰动与多位点快速进化以及细胞水平氧还平衡的全局扰动进行了简要综述，未来需要继续借助系统生物学和合成生物学手段，进一步加强对工业环境下工业微生物鲁棒性状调控机理的解析与建模预测以及系统的工程改造。

Abstract:

Harnessing industrial microorganisms to utilize renewable feedstocks and meanwhile produce biofuels, bulk chemicals, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, etc. is the basis for successful biological industries. Robust traits of industrial microorganisms including high yield and productivity as well as stress tolerance are controlled by sophisticated genetic regulatory networks. Engineering robustness of industrial microorganisms requires systematic and global perturbations at the genome-wide scale to accelerate the accumulation of diversified genotypic mutations, thus generating desirable phenotypes. We review heve the mechanisms of genetic regulation and stress response in robust industrial organisms, the global perturbations and multiplex accelerated evolution at the genome-wide scale, as well as the global perturbation of cellular redox balance. In the future, based on system biology and synthetic biology, more efforts should be further devoted to understanding the mechanisms behind robust traits in industrial microorganisms under industrial niches for modeling and prediction as well as systematic engineering.