骨生物材料通过细胞途径降解的研究进展

Progress on cell-mediated degradation of bone materials

摘要:

生物材料作为移植物已广泛应用于骨组织修复，在应用生物材料时需要考虑材料各个方面的性能，如生物兼容性、力学强度、可塑性等。材料的可降解性也是骨修复材料不得不考虑的方面。既往研究表明，生物材料可以通过物理、化学和生物三种方式进行降解。在材料的生物降解过程中，经细胞途径降解是其中重要的一环。这种降解途径主要是通过巨噬细胞、破骨细胞的生物学行为及其所分泌的生物活性氧、酶、酸性代谢物等作用机制进行。认识细胞作用对生物材料的降解有助于更好地理解细胞的生物学行为，精准设计、制造更合理的骨修复材料，既利于材料植入时的初始稳定，也可以符合材料降解与新骨形成的匹配，促进骨再生和骨修复。

Abstract:

Biomaterials have been widely used as bone grafts for bone tissue repair. The application of biomaterials needs to consider various aspects of material properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength and plasticity. It is also necessary for bone repair to consider the degradability of materials. Previous studies have shown that biomaterials can be degraded by physical, chemical and biological ways. Cell-mediated degradation is an important part of the biodegradation process of materials, mainly carried out by the biological behavior of macrophages and osteoclasts and reactive oxygen species, enzymes and acidic metabolites secreted by them. Illustration of cell-mediated degradation of biological materials helps us understand the biological behavior of cells better, to accurately design and manufacture more effective bone repair materials, which is conducive to initial stability during material implantation, in line with the consistence of material degradation and new bone formation, promoting bone regeneration and bone repair.