几种常见沉水植物对砷富集的研究进展

Arsenic accumulation by submerged plants: a review

摘要:

常见的沉水植物 (苦草、狐尾藻、金鱼藻、黑藻) 对水体中的砷 (As) 有着较强的富集能力，研究沉水植物对As的富集特征对利用沉水植物控制水体As污染及保护人体健康有着重要意义。沉水植物对As的富集能力与水环境中As的浓度、形态、共存离子如磷酸盐、Zn离子等因素相关，其对As的耐受性及富集能力可以通过合适的化学、生物方法得到增强，从而提高沉水植物对含As污水的修复能力。但由于植物基因多样性及水环境因素复杂性，沉水植物对As的运输和解毒机制，以及沉水植物后期的处理和管理技术，仍是今后该领域需要重点关注的问题。

Abstract:

Common submerged plants (Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara., Potamageton crispus L., Myriophyllum spicatum L., Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) have shown a tremendous potential for arsenic removal from water. The studies on the accumulation of arsenic by submerged plants are important for the control of arsenic pollution in water and protection of human health. The enrichment ability of submerged plants to arsenic is correlated with arsenic species and concentration in the water, as well as co-existing ions such as PO43– and Zn2+. The tolerance and enrichment ability of submerged plants to arsenic can be enhanced by suitable chemical and biological methods, which is useful for removing arsenic from water by submerged plants. However, the diversity of plant genes and the complex of water environment, as well as the subsequent treatment of submerged plants, are still the issues that need to be focused in the future.