重金属污染土壤中生物间相互作用及其协同修复应用

Interactions among soil biota and their applications in synergistic bioremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils

摘要:

土壤是人类赖以生存的物质基础。我国土壤重金属污染状况不容乐观，给人类健康构成严重威胁。生物修复重金属污染土壤被广泛认为是可持续的修复技术，但当前仍存在修复效率不高的科学瓶颈问题。土壤中生活着丰富的微生物、植物和动物，且这些生物之间存在着复杂的相互作用，并且通过物质循环和能量传递形成了错综复杂的食物网联系。土壤生物间的相互作用能深刻影响土壤中污染物的迁移转化和生物修复的效率，多元生物协同的修复技术集合了单一生物修复方法的优势，具有强化生物修复效果的巨大潜力。文中综述了土壤中微生物-植物-动物之间的相互作用，及其对土壤重金属迁移转化和生物修复效果的影响，并对定向调控土壤食物网结构、提高重金属污染土壤的生物修复效果、建立基于食物网的多元生物协同修复技术进行了展望。

Abstract:

Soil is the material basis for human survival. However, in China, soils are wildly polluted by heavy metals, which poses serious health risks to humans. Bioremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil is widely considered as a sustainable remediation strategy, but low remediation efficiency is still a scientific bottleneck of bioremediation. There are abundant microorganisms, plants and animals living in soils. Among these soil biota, there are complex interactions to form an intricate food web through material circulation and energy transfer. These interactions among soil biota affect the transportation and transformation of pollutants in soil, and consequently influence the bioremediation efficiency. The synergistic remediation by soil biota combines the advantages of diferent organisms to enhance the efficiency of bioremediation. In this paper, the interactions among soil biota and their influence on heavy-metal transportation and transformation, as well as bioremediation efficiency are reviewed. We also propose perspectives for future researches, including targeted regulating the structure of soil food web, improving the bioremediation efficiency of heavy-metal contaminated soil, and building a synergistic remediation technology with multi-organisms based on food web.