异养同化降解氯代烃的研究现状、微生物代谢特性及展望

Advances in microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons

摘要:

氯代烃 (Chlorinated hydrocarbons，CAHs) 污染遍布全球，其三致效应和遗传毒性对人类健康和生态环境构成重大威胁。CAHs异养同化具有降解彻底、无二次污染和降解效率高的特点，全面认识CAHs异养同化过程，对于强化和应用异养同化降解，扩大CAHs的修复途径具有重要的推动作用。文中首先分析了微生物细胞异养同化降解CAHs主要方式，阐述了异养同化的两大优势；针对CAHs异养同化的研究现状进行了系统性的总结，明确了可发生异养同化作用的CAHs种类及特征；基于氯代烷烃、氯代烯烃和氯代芳烃分类，概述了异养同化微生物的主要菌属及代谢特征；针对典型氯代烃，系统分析了参与代谢过程关键酶及特征基因，归纳了异养同化代谢途径；最后，根据当前研究现状对异养同化研究存在的问题进行了综述并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CAHs) threaten human health and the ecological environment due to their strong carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic and heritable properties. Heterotrophic assimilation degradation can completely and effectively degrade CAHs, without secondary pollution. However, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the heterotrophic assimilation process of CAHs for its application. Therefore, we review here the characteristics and advantages of heterotrophic assimilation degradation of CAHs. Moreover, we systematically summarize current research status of heterotrophic assimilation of CAHs. Furthermore, we analyze bacterial genera and metabolism, key enzymes and characteristic genes involved in the metabolic process. Finally, we indicate existing problems of heterotrophic assimilation research and future research needs.