耐铅镉菌株的分离鉴定及其吸附能力

Isolation, identification and heavy metals biosorption of a lead and cadmium-tolerant strain

摘要:

堆肥中添加生物钝化剂是当前降低粪便中重金属生物毒性最为有效的方式之一，为了进一步提高其钝化重金属的能力，文中获得了复合重金属高耐性的钝化剂菌株，并探究其生物学特性和吸附特征。采集猪粪堆肥样品并在改良的牛肉膏培养基中分离和筛选耐铅又耐镉的高耐性菌株，通过形态结合分子生物学鉴定该菌株。该菌株分别在不同pH、温度和盐浓度条件下培养获得其最适的生长条件，进而在该条件下分析其对铅镉吸附的特性。结果获得一株耐铅浓度为600 mg/L、镉浓度为120 mg/L的铅镉复合耐性菌株SC19，该菌株为西地西菌属，其最适生长环境为pH值7.0、温度37 ℃、盐浓度0.5%。培养36 h的稳定期SC19菌株在吸附时间30 min时铅的去除率最高，对铅的最大去除率和吸附量分别为60.7%和329.13 mg/g；培养8 h的对数期在吸附时间30 min时镉的去除率最高，对镉的最大去除率和吸附量分别为51.0%和126.19 mg/g。红外光谱分析显示，SC19菌株对铅镉离子的吸附主要是细胞表面的多种活性基团与金属离子发生络合作用。该研究揭示了SC19菌株有较好的二价态铅镉离子吸附能力，可为生物钝化重金属提供重要的微生物种质资源。

Abstract:

Adding biological passivation agent during composting is one of the most effective ways to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in contaminated livestock manure. To further improve biological passivation, we obtained a strain with high-heavy metal compounds tolerance to passivate heavy-metal contaminated manure and to characterize heavy-metal biosorption. High-tolerance microorganisms for lead and cadmium were isolated and screened from swine manure composting samples. The strain was identified by its morphology and molecular biology. After the influence of different pH, temperature and salt concentrations on growth of the strain were investigated, the optimal growth conditions were obtained for further analysis of its biosorption characteristics of lead and cadmium. The bacterium with tolerance to lead and cadmium termed SC19 was obtained, whose lead resistance was 600 mg/L and cadmium resistance was 120 mg/L. The isolate was further identified as Cedecea sp., and then its optimum pH was 7.0, temperature was 37 °C, and salt concentration was 0.5%. Lead removal was highest after 30 min of adsorption by the SC19 strain cultured for the stationary phase 36 h, and the maximum removal rate and biosorption capacity of lead were 60.7% and 329.13 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, cadmium removal was highest after 30 min of adsorption by the strain cultured for the logarithmic phase 8 h, and the maximum removal rate and biosorption capacity of cadmium were 51.0% and 126.19 mg/g, respectively. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) results revealed that the biosorption process mainly happened on the surface of SC19 cell and many active groups on the cell surface could chelate the Pb2+ and Cd2+. By comprehensive comparison, it was showed that strain SC19 shared a certain capacity of Pb2+ and Cd2+ biosorption, and the bacterium provided precious microbial germplasm resources for biological passivation of heavy metal contaminated manure.