天然丝的形成及人工纺丝的研究进展

Formation of natural silk and progress in artificial spinning

摘要:

蜘蛛丝和蚕丝是性能优异的天然丝类材料，具有极高的力学性能、良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性，可广泛应用于纺织、光学、电子、生物医学和环境工程等领域。迄今为止，已经有湿法纺丝、干法纺丝和静电纺丝等多种在实验室规模下进行人工纺丝的方法。然而，现阶段大部分的人工丝纤维性能仍比不上天然丝纤维。处理好人工丝纤维层级结构和力学性能之间的关系，是人工纺丝领域亟待解决的问题。文中围绕天然丝纤维的形成、丝纤维力学性能与层级结构的关系、人工纺丝领域的研究进展和丝纤维的应用等方面进行了介绍。

Abstract:

Natural silks, produced by spiders and silkworms, are excellent materials with marvelous mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability, and widely used in the fields of textile, optics, electronics, biomedicine and environmental engineering. So far, there are many spinning methods to improve the mechanical properties of artificial fibers, such as wet spinning, dry spinning, and electrospinning. However, the performance of most artificial fibers is still inferior to natural silks. It is important to understand the correlations between hierarchical structures and performance in the field of artificial spinning. This review introduces the formation of natural silks, the relationship between the mechanical properties of silks and the hierarchical structure, the research progress in artificial spinning, and the application of silks.