微生物组测序与分析专家共识

Expert consensus on microbiome sequencing and analysis

摘要:

在过去的十几年，微生物组相关研究和应用持续升温。微生物组逐渐成为生命科学、环境科学和医学等领域的研究焦点。与此同时，全球多个国家和组织也都积极发起各自的微生物组计划，进行多方面的布局，力争在这一具有广阔前景的领域获得战略地位。此外，无论是科研还是产业应用已经迎来了研究高潮和投融资热潮，微生物组相关产品和服务也不断出现。然而，行业在快速发展的同时，也存在一些不足。由于微生物组测序和分析相关技术和方法发展迅速，各国研究和应用尚未在技术、方案和数据等标准上达成统一，国内行业参与者对微生物组也存在认识不足，对微生物组相关新方法、新技术、新理论等还未能充分掌握和使用。除此之外，已有的一些标准和指南，内容过于简单，实操性也不足，这不仅给科研数据的整合造成了困难和资源浪费，还给相关企业进行不良竞争、以次充好提供了机会。更重要的是，我国尚缺乏微生物组相关的国家标准，国家微生物组计划仍处于筹备过程。在此背景下，中国生物工程学会、中国科学院微生物研究所于2019年6月至2020年3月，共同设立了“微生物组测序与分析专家共识”专项研究课题。中国生物工程学会组织了微生物组相关领域的27位专家以及来自行业内的30多位专业人员，通过分成4个项目小组、召开4轮研讨会后，最终形成了涵盖从微生物采集与保存、DNA提取与建库、高通量基因测序和数据分析以及质控标准品等全流程的“微生物组测序与分析专家共识”。本专家共识具有较强可参考性和可操作性，不仅能指导国内科研和产业机构规范进行微生物组相关产、学、研，还能为国家相关职能部门提供可参考的技术依据，保障规模型和规范化的企业利益，加强行业自律，避免不规范的企业扰乱市场，最终促进微生物组相关产业的良性发展。

Abstract:

In the past ten years, the research and application of microbiome has continued to increase. The microbiome has gradually become the research focus in the fields of life science, environmental science, and medicine. Meanwhile, many countries and organizations around the world are launching their own microbiome projects and conducting a multi-faceted layout, striving to gain a strategic position in this promising field. In addition, whether it is scientific research or industrial applications, there has been a climax of research and a wave of investment and financing, accordingly, products and services related to the microbiome are constantly emerging. However, due to the rapid development of microbiome sequencing and analysis related technologies and methods, the research and application from various countries have not yet unified on the standards of technology, programs, and data. Domestic industry participants also have insufficient understanding of the microbiome. New methods, technologies, and theories have not yet been fully accepted and used. In addition, some of the existing standards and guidelines are too general with poor practicality. This not only causes obstacles in the integration of scientific research data and waste of resources, but also gives related companies unfair competition opportunity. More importantly, China still lacks national standards related to the microbiome, and the national microbiome project is still in the process of preparation. In this context, the experts and practitioners of the microbiome worked together and developed the consensus of experts. It can not only guide domestic scientific research and industrial institutions to regulate the production, learning and research of the microbiome, the application can also provide reference technical basis for the relevant national functional departments, protect the scale and standardized corporate company’s interests, strengthen industry self-discipline, avoid unregulated enterprises from disrupting the market, and ultimately promote the benign development of microbiome-related industries.