木质纤维素预处理抑制物产生及脱除方法的研究进展

Progress in detoxification of inhibitors generated during lignocellulose pretreatment

摘要:

利用纤维素酶将木质纤维素降解成可发酵性糖，然后发酵生产氢气、乙醇、丁醇等生物燃料及高附加值产品，是当今全球研究的热点。预处理是生物质转化过程中至关重要的步骤，而预处理过程中产生的抑制物对木质纤维素后续的酶解和发酵微生物有负面影响。因此了解预处理方法及其过程中产生的抑制物及脱除方法是能否高效转化生物质的基础。文中首先介绍了木质纤维素常用的两类预处理方法即化学法和物理化学法。随后阐述了不同抑制物的产生及其抑制机制，并重点介绍了多种脱毒方法。最后展望了脱除木质纤维素预处理抑制物的研究趋势：应用交联聚乙烯亚胺和金属有机骨架化合物等新型材料脱除抑制物或通过基因工程、代谢工程技术等构建抑制物耐受性菌株等。

Abstract:

Lignocellulose can be hydrolyzed by cellulase into fermentable sugars to produce hydrogen, ethanol, butanol and other biofuels with added value. Pretreatment is a critical step in biomass conversion, but also generates inhibitors with negative impacts on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Hence, pretreatment and detoxification methods are the basis of efficient biomass conversion. Commonly used pretreatment methods of lignocellulose are chemical and physic-chemical processes. Here, we introduce different inhibitors and their inhibitory mechanisms, and summarize various detoxification methods. Moreover, we propose research directions for detoxification of inhibitors generated during lignocellulose pretreatment.