虾类血细胞的分类与功能研究进展

Advancements in the study of the classification and immune function of shrimp hemocytes

摘要:

血细胞在动物的免疫防御体系中扮演了重要的角色，尤其是对缺少适应性免疫的无脊椎动物。在这些动物中，血细胞既参与细胞免疫的吞噬、包囊、结节等作用，还参与体液免疫中许多免疫因子的生成与储存。对不同动物类群的血细胞的不同亚群进行区分，是深入了解其免疫机制与血细胞功能的基础。尽管国内外学者利用不同的方法，针对虾类血细胞的不同亚群的区分和功能做了很多研究，但是目前还未形成统一的标准。基于此，文中将已有研究结果进行了梳理与总结，提出了虾类血细胞的三亚群分类法，并对不同亚群的形态特点、免疫学功能进行了详细叙述，期望能为了解无脊椎动物血细胞组成、进行血细胞相关的功能与分子机理研究以及改进和研发新的动物细胞分离技术提供帮助。

Abstract:

Hemocytes play an important role in the immune defense system of animals, especially for invertebrates that have no adaptive immune system. In those animals, hemocytes not only participate in the cellular immunity including phagocytosis, encapsulation, and nodules formation, but also the humoral immunity via storage and release of immune factors. Identification of the components of hemocytes is the basis for understanding the immune mechanism and the function of hemocytes. Despite various researches have been done on distinguishing the composition and function of shrimp hemocytes, no standard is used uniformly until now. So, we analyze and summarize the results on shrimp hemocytes research and offer a three subgroups category in this review. We also introduce the morphological characters and immune function of three subgroups in detail. We hope this work will be beneficial for understanding the function and molecular mechanism of hemocytes in invertebrate, bringing ideas for new separation technology development.