新型疫苗佐剂的研究进展

Research progress of new vaccine adjuvants

摘要:

近年来，核酸疫苗、基因工程疫苗、合成肽疫苗等新型疫苗的研究取得快速的发展，但这些疫苗与传统的灭活或活体疫苗相比，往往存在免疫原性差等问题，因此需要佐剂来增强其作用。佐剂已被证明是疫苗中的关键成分，佐剂种类众多，尚无统一的分类方法，目前应用最多的佐剂是铝佐剂和弗氏佐剂，但随着新型疫苗的开发，新型佐剂的开发必不可少。根据目前佐剂的研究现状，主要从免疫调节分子类佐剂、抗原递送类佐剂、复合佐剂3个方面进行分析阐述，以期对佐剂的研制提供参考。

Abstract:

In recent years, the development of new vaccines such as nucleic acid vaccines, genetically engineered vaccines, and synthetic peptide vaccines has achieved rapid development. However, compared with traditional inactivated or live vaccines, these vaccines often have problems such as poor immunogenicity. Therefore, an adjuvant is needed to enhance its effect, and adjuvants have proven to be a key component in vaccines. There are many types of adjuvants, while currently no unified standard for the classification. At present, the most commonly used adjuvants are Aluminum adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant, but new generation vaccines will probably need new generation adjuvants. Thus, this review aims to showcase the current status of immune adjuvants, with the focus on immunomodulatory molecular adjuvant, antigen delivery adjuvant and compound adjuvant. This review provides new insights for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants.