适应性实验室进化技术在微生物育种中的应用进展

Advances in adaptive laboratory evolutionary engineering to microbial breeding

摘要:

适应性实验室进化 (Adaptive laboratory evolution，ALE) 技术已成为微生物学基础研究和工业微生物育种的强大工具，被广泛用来研究影响菌株表型、性能和稳定性的进化潜力以及快速获取含有有益突变的工业生产菌株。近年来，随着基因组测序技术的进步，关于微生物新陈代谢机理和动力学方面的研究变得更加广泛和深入，这也极大促进了适应性实验室进化技术的快速发展。文中主要介绍了长期、短期适应性实验室进化技术在微生物育种方面的应用实例，并总结归纳了该技术在快速高效构建优良菌株过程中的方式与作用。最后分析了目前ALE技术面临的瓶颈问题及其可能的解决方法，以期能够为该技术的未来发展提供有价值的参考依据。

Abstract:

In recent years, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has emerged as a powerful tool for basic research in microbiology (e.g., molecular mechanisms of microbial evolution) and efforts on evolutionary engineering of microbial strains (e.g., accelerated evolution of industrial strains by bringing beneficial mutations). The ongoing rapid development of next-generation sequencing platforms has provided novel insights into growth kinetics and metabolism of microbes, and thus led to great advances of this technique. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the applications of long-term and short-term ALE techniques mainly for microbial strain engineering, and different modes of ALE are also introduced. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations of ALE and potential solutions. We believe that the information reviewed here will make a significant contribution to further advancement of ALE.