微生物发酵法生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究进展

Engineering progress in microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates

摘要:

聚羟基脂肪酸酯 (Polyhydroxyalkanoates，PHAs) 是一类由羟基脂肪酸单体通过酯化聚合得到的高分子化合物，因具有传统石油基塑料类似的力学特征、100%生物降解性和生物相容性而被认为是最有潜力的绿色环保材料之一。受限于其高昂的生产成本，PHAs作为绿色环保材料的应用推广困难。文中分别从细胞形态调控、代谢途径构建、廉价碳源利用和开放式发酵技术开发等方面详细介绍了目前有效降低PHAs生产成本的方法。尽管大部分研究成果还局限于实验室阶段，但是研究方法和方向为实现低成本PHAs的工业化生产提供了理论指导。

关键词:聚羟基脂肪酸酯，基因工程，廉价碳源，高密度发酵，开放式发酵

Abstract:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polymers obtained by esterification of hydroxy fatty acid monomers. Due to similar mechanical characteristics of traditional petroleum-based plastics, 100% biodegradability and biocompatibility, PHAs are considered to be one of the most potential green materials. However, the application and promotion of PHAs as a green and environmentally friendly material are difficult because of the high production costs. This article focuses on the current methods to reduce production cost of PHAs effectively, such as cell morphology regulation, metabolic pathway construction, economic carbon source utilization and open fermentation technology development. Despite most research results are still limited in laboratory, the research methods and directions provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of economic PHAs.

Key words:polyhydeoxyalkanoates, genetic engineering, economic carbon source, high density fermentation, open fermentation