类器官在乳腺癌相关研究中的应用进展

Exploration of organoid in breast cancer related research

摘要:

乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症，目前乳腺癌的研究主要借助体内模型和传统细胞培养方法，然而研究表明，由于人类和动物之间固有的物种差异，以及器官和细胞之间组织结构的差异，使用上述两种研究方法研制出的药物，在临床试验中失败率高达90%，因此，类器官三维培养应运而生。类器官是一种具有空间结构的三维细胞复合体，它作为一种新的肿瘤研究模型，在精准医疗、器官移植、建立难治疾病模型、基因治疗和药物研发等方向具有广阔的应用前景，是未来生命科学研究的理想载体之一。乳腺癌作为一种表型复杂的异质性疾病，其患者生存率较低，而乳腺癌类器官可以重现人类乳腺癌的许多关键特征，故构建乳腺癌类器官生物库，将会为研究乳腺癌的发生、发展、转移和耐药机制提供一个新的平台。文中将系统介绍类器官的培养条件及其在乳腺癌相关研究中的应用，并对类器官的应用前景进行展望。

Abstract:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. At present, the in vivo model and traditional cell culture are mainly used in breast cancer researches. However, as high as 90% clinical trials are failed for drugs explored by the above two methods, due to the inherent species differences between humans and animals, as well as the differences in the tissue structure between organs and cells. Therefore, organoid three-dimensional culture is emerging. As a new tumor research model, organoid, a three-dimensional cell complex with spatial structure, has broad application prospects, such as precision medicine, organ transplantation, establishment of refractory disease model, gene therapy and drug research and development. Therefore, organoid is considered as one of the ideal carriers for life science research in the future. Breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease with complex phenotypes, has a low survival rate. Breast cancer organoid can reproduce many key features of human breast cancer, thus, the construction of organoid biological library of breast cancer will provide a new platform for studying the occurrence, development, metastasis and drug resistance mechanism of breast cancer. In this review, we systematically introduce the culture conditions of organoids and their application in breast cancer related research, and the application prospect of organoids.