内质网靶向纳米药物的研究进展

Advance in endoplasmic reticulum-targeting nanodrugs

摘要:

内质网作为真核细胞内极为重要的细胞器，在生物大分子合成与加工、物质转运、离子稳态维持、信号转导、细胞器间物质与信号交流等诸多方面发挥关键作用，其功能异常与癌症、自身免疫疾病、病原微生物感染、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病等诸多重大疾病紧密相关。随着纳米技术的不断发展，内质网靶向纳米药物的开发与应用逐渐成为生物工程、纳米医学、材料化学等领域的研究热点。文中结合近年来国内外相关研究进展，对内质网功能紊乱与疾病发生的关系、内质网靶向纳米药物的设计原理、内质网靶向纳米药物的应用进行了综述。内质网靶向纳米药物基于纳米药物载体或生物活性分子自组装原理进行设计。它们以主动或被动方式靶向内质网，通过破坏或维持内质网功能而发挥作用，在癌症靶向治疗、免疫调节、神经系统功能修复等诸多方面具有广泛的应用前景。

Abstract:

As an extremely important organelle in eukaryotic cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the synthesis and processing of biomacromolecules, material transport, ion homeostasis maintenance, signal transduction, exchange of materials and signals between organelles. Many important human diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, pathogenic infections, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, are closely related to ER dysfunction. With the development of nanotechnology, the exploration and application of ER-targeted nanodrugs gradually become a research hotspot in the field of nanomedicine, bioengineering, material chemistry and other fields. In this paper, the relationship between ER dysfunction and disease occurrence, the principle of designing ER-targeted nanodrugs and their biomedical application are reviewed. ER-targeted nanodrugs are designed based on nanodrug carriers or self-assembly of bioactive molecules. These nanodrugs could target the ER in an active or passive manner and function by disrupting or maintaining the ER functions. The ER-targeting nanodrugs have a wide application prospect in cancer therapy, immune regulation, nervous system repairment, and so on.