组学技术在产油微生物中的应用

Application of omics technology in oleaginous microorganisms

摘要:

微生物油脂是未来燃料和食品用油的重要潜在资源。近年来，随着系统生物学技术的快速发展，从全局角度理解产油微生物生理代谢及脂质积累的特征成为研究热点。组学技术作为系统生物学研究的重要工具被广泛用于揭示产油微生物脂质高效生产的机制研究中，这为产油微生物理性遗传改造和发酵过程控制提供了基础。文中对组学技术在产油微生物中的应用概况进行了综述，介绍了产油微生物组学分析常用的样品前处理及数据分析方法，综述了包括基因组、转录组、蛋白 (修饰) 组及代谢 (脂质) 组等在内的多种组学技术，以及组学数据基础上的数学模型在揭示产油微生物脂质高效生产机制中的研究，并对未来发展和应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

Microbial oils are potential resources of fuels and food oils in the future. In recent years, with the rapid development of systems biology technology, understanding the physiological metabolism and lipid accumulation characteristics of oleaginous microorganisms from a global perspective has become a research focus. As an important tool for systems biology research, omics technology has been widely used to reveal the mechanism of high-efficiency production of oils by oleaginous microorganisms. This provides a basis for rational genetic modification and fermentation process control of oleaginous microorganisms. In this article, we summarize the application of omics technology in oleaginous microorganisms, introduced the commonly used sample pre-processing and data analysis methods for omics analysis of oleaginous microorganisms, reviewe the researches for revealing the mechanism of efficient lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms based on omics technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics (modification) and metabolomics (lipidomics), as well as mathematical models based on omics data. The future development and application of omics technology for microbial oil production are also proposed.