蓝细菌固碳合成乳酸技术的发展与展望

Production of lactate from carbon fixation by cyanobacteria: development and prospect

摘要:

乳酸是一种重要的工业化学品，被广泛应用于各个行业。近年来，随着聚乳酸 (PLA) 市场的兴起，乳酸原料的需求也在不断增加。糖基异养生产乳酸所带来的高昂成本与市场需求的矛盾吸引着研究人员积极寻找其他有利的解决方案。蓝细菌光合固碳生产乳酸是一种潜力巨大的新型原料供应策略，基于光合自养的细胞工厂，可以在单一平台上以太阳能为驱动力，从二氧化碳中直接生产出高光学纯度的乳酸。该方法原料廉价易得、过程简单可控、产物明确且易分离，同时达到节能减排和高附加值产品生产的双重效果，具有重要的研究与应用价值。文中回顾了蓝细菌固碳产乳酸技术的发展历程，从代谢基础、代谢工程策略、代谢动力学分析与技术应用等方面，梳理其研究进展和所遇到的技术难点，并对该技术的未来进行展望。

Abstract:

Lactate is an important industrial chemical and widely used in various industries. In recent years, with the increasing demand for polylactic acid (PLA), the demand for lactate raw materials is also increasing. The contradiction between the high cost and the market demand caused by the heterotrophic production of lactate attracts researchers to seek other favorable solutions. The production of lactate from photosynthetic carbon fixation by cyanobacteria is a potential new raw material supply strategy. Based on the photosynthetic autotrophic cell factory, it can directly produce high optical purity lactate from carbon dioxide on a single platform driven by solar energy. The raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the process is simple and controllable, the products are clear and easy to separate, and the double effects of energy saving and emission reduction and production of high value-added products are achieved at the same time, which has important research and application value. This paper reviews the development history of cyanobacteria carbon sequestration to produce lactate, summarizes its research progress and encounters technical difficulties from the aspects of metabolic basis, metabolic engineering strategy, metabolic kinetics analysis and technical application, and prospects the future of this technology.