代谢工程在维生素生产中的应用及研究进展

Advances in metabolic engineering for vitamins production

摘要:

维生素是维持人体生命活动必需的一类有机物质，机体本身一般不能合成或合成量不足，因此需经食物或其他强化产品获取。目前，维生素产品已广泛应用于医药、食品添加剂、饲料添加剂、化妆品等领域，而且全球对维生素的需求也是呈逐年增长态势。维生素的生产方法主要包括化学合成法和生物合成法。化学合成法通常安全隐患大、反应条件严苛、废物污染严重，相比之下，代谢工程生产维生素绿色环保安全、能耗低，因此建立微生物细胞工厂具有重大的科学意义和应用需求。文中回顾了近30年来代谢工程在维生素生产领域的研究进展，详细阐述了水溶性维生素 (维生素B1、B2、B3、B5、B6、B7、B9、B12和维生素C的前体) 和脂溶性维生素 (维生素A、维生素D的前体、维生素E和维生素K) 的生物合成研究现状，并对其发酵生产的瓶颈进行了探讨，最后对合成生物技术创建维生素生产菌种进行了展望。

Abstract:

Vitamins are organic substances that are essential for the maintenance of life activities. Generally, vitamins need to be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source as the body cannot synthesize vitamins, or the amounts of the synthesized vitamins are insufficient. At present, vitamins are widely used in medicine, food additives, feed additives, cosmetics and other fields, and the global demand for vitamins is constantly growing. Vitamins can be produced from chemical or microbial synthesis. Chemical synthesis usually requires harsh reaction conditions, produces serious wastes, and creates great potential safety hazard. In contrast, microbial synthesis of vitamins is greener, safer, and requires much less energy input. This review summarizes the advances in metabolic engineering for vitamins production in the past 30 years, with a focus on production of water-soluble vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 and vitamin C precursors) and lipid-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, precursors of vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K). Moreover, the bottlenecks for fermentative production of vitamins are discussed, and future perspectives for developing next generation vitamins producing strains using synthetic biotechnology are prospected.