蔗糖磷酸合酶功能、结构与催化机制的研究进展

Function, structure and catalytic mechanism of sucrose phosphate synthase: a review

摘要:

蔗糖是自然界中广泛存在的一种天然产物。在植物等生命体中，蔗糖磷酸合酶 (Sucrose phosphate synthase，SPS) 是蔗糖合成的限速酶。SPS催化合成蔗糖-6-磷酸；蔗糖磷酸酶 (Sucrose Phosphatase，SPP) 进一步把蔗糖-6-磷酸上的磷酸根水解下来而形成蔗糖。近几十年来关于SPS的研究多涉及SPS的酶活性测定、SPS的抑制剂和激活剂、SPS的共价修饰调节、SPS调节植物碳水化合物分配、SPS促进植物生长的机制、SPS如何增加果实甜度等方面，文中针对以上几个方面及SPS的晶体结构和催化机制进行了系统地综述。

Abstract:

Sucrose is a natural product occurs widely in nature. In living organisms such as plants, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme for sucrose synthesis. SPS catalyzes the synthesis of sucrose-6-phosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by sucrose phosphatase to form sucrose. Researches on SPS in recent decades have been focused on the determination of enzymatic activity of SPS, the identification of the inhibitors and activators of SPS, the covalent modification of SPS, the carbohydrate distribution in plants regulated by SPS, the mechanism for promoting plant growth by SPS, the sweetness of fruit controlled by SPS, and many others. A systematic review of these aspects as well as the crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of SPS are presented.