酶法合成槲皮素3-O-糖苷酰基化衍生物的研究进展

Enzymatic synthesis of acylated quercetin 3-O-glycosides: a review

摘要:

槲皮素3-O-糖苷是一类重要的槲皮素糖苷类化合物，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和抗病毒等多种药理活性，其代表性化合物芦丁和曲克芦丁已被开发成临床用药。由此可见，槲皮素3-O-糖苷已经成为创新药物的重要来源之一。然而，较低的生物利用度限制了槲皮素3-O-糖苷在食品、制药等行业中更广泛地应用。为提高这些化合物的生物利用度，选择性酰基化修饰是有效的途径之一，而生物酶法则是获得槲皮素3-O-糖苷酯类衍生物的重要方法。文中介绍了酰基化槲皮素3-O-糖苷的酶促合成方法，重点综述了4种能执行体外酶促酰化的工具酶 (酰基转移酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、酯酶) 和全细胞生物催化剂在槲皮素3-O-糖苷酯的酶促合成中的研究进展，详细阐述了酰基化修饰对槲皮素3-O-糖苷生物活性的影响。此外，还针对槲皮素 3-O-糖苷酯的高效合成方法和修饰位点多样化进行了讨论，以期为槲皮素3-O-糖苷类药物的结构修饰、开发提供新思路。

Abstract:

Quercetin 3-O-glycosides (Q3Gs) are important members of quercetin glycosides with excellent pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-virus. Two representatives of Q3Gs, rutin and troxerutin, have been developed into clinical drugs, demonstrating Q3Gs have become one of the important sources of innovative drugs. However, the applications of Q3Gs in food and pharmaceutical industries are hampered by its poor bioavailability. Of the known means, selective acylation modification of Q3Gs through enzymatic catalysis to obtain Q3G esters is one of the effective ways to improve its bioavailability. Herein, the enzyme-mediated acylation of Q3Gs were reviewed in details, focusing on the four tool enzymes (acyltransferases, lipases, proteases and esterases) and the whole-cell mediated biotransformation, as well as the effect of acylations on the biological activities of Q3Gs. Furthermore, the highly efficient synthesis and diversification of acylated site for Q3G esters were also discussed. Taken together, this review provides a new perspective for further structural modifications of Q3Gs towards drug development.