基于芽胞的混凝土微生物原位修复技术研究进展

Research progress in spore-based in-situ restoration technology of concrete with microorganisms

摘要:

混凝土是最广泛使用的现代建筑材料，在应力作用下易于开裂，使混凝土结构具有渗透性，影响其耐用性和完整性，进而缩短使用寿命。混凝土微生物原位修复技术是一种廉价、有效、绿色的方式，因其具有良好的生物相容性、延长混凝土服役寿命、减少经济损失与环境污染等特点，已成为研究热点。其中，芽胞杆菌因良好的生物矿化能力且其芽胞具有极强的环境耐受能力和长期存活能力而备受关注。为推动微生物原位修复混凝土的研究开发及规模化应用，文中综述了基于芽胞的混凝土原位修复机理、芽胞在混凝土中的生存情况、芽胞与外添加物对混凝土机械性能的影响、修复剂的开发和修复效果等方面的进展，并指出了将来的研究重点，如提高芽胞在混凝土内部恶劣环境下的存活能力、降低外添加物对混凝土机械性能的影响和强化实际现场应用的修复效果等。

Abstract:

Concrete is the most widely used modern building material. It is easy to crack under the action of stress, which makes the concrete structure permeable, affecting the durability and integrity of the structure, and thus shortening its service life. Microbial in-situ remediation technology is a low cost, effective and green way for concrete crack repairing. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, service life elongation, economic losses and environmental pollution reduction, microbial in-situ remediation technology has been intensively investigated. Bacillus has attracted much attention because of its excellent biomineralization ability, extremely strong environmental tolerance and long-term survival ability of its spores. In order to promote the research, development and large-scale application of microbial in-situ healing of concrete, the paper reviews the mechanism of spore-based in-situ healing of concrete, the survival of spores exposed in concrete, the influence of spores and external additives on the mechanical properties of concrete, progress in research and development of healing agent as well as healing effects. Moreover, future research focuses such as improving the survival ability of spores in the harsh environment of concrete, reducing the influence of external additives on the mechanical properties of concrete, and strengthening the healing effect of actual field applications are also summarized.