CRISPR在食源性致病菌进化分析、检测分型及毒力耐药调控中的应用进展

Application of CRISPR in evolution analysis, detecting and typing, virulence and antibiotic resistance regulation in food-borne pathogens

摘要:

规律成簇间隔的短回文重复序列 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR) 与其相关蛋白基因系统可通过限制基因的水平转移而有效防御噬菌体等外源基因元件的入侵，不同细菌之间的CRISPR结构有所差异。基于CRISPR系统的差异性，文中对近几年CRISPR在食源性致病菌进化分析、检测与分型、毒力与耐药中的应用研究进行概述，并对基于CRISPR序列特点开发的细菌检测分型方法以及CRISPR与食源性致病菌的毒力、耐药性之间的相关性进行重点总结分析。此外，文中探讨了CRISPR在进化分析、检测与分型、毒力与耐药应用中的不足，提出将CRISPR分型方法标准化、完善与扩充致病菌CRISPR数据库、进一步探究噬菌体与细菌之间的共进化关系等建议，为进一步探索CRISPR功能提供参考。

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and its associated protein gene system can limit the horizontal gene transfer, thereby effectively preventing the invasion of foreign gene elements such as bacteriophages. CRISPR arrays of different bacteria are diverse. Based on the differences in the CRISPR system, this review summarizes the application of CRISPR in food-borne pathogen evolution analysis, detection and typing, virulence and antibiotic resistance in recent years. We also address bacterial detection typing method developed based on the characteristics of CRISPR arrays and the association of CRISPR with virulence and drug resistance of food-borne pathogens. The shortcomings of CRISPR in evolution, detection and typing, virulence and resistance applications are analyzed. In addition, we suggest standardizing CRISPR typing methods, improving and expanding the CRISPR database of pathogenic bacteria, and further exploring the co-evolution relationship between phages and bacteria, to provide references for further exploration of CRISPR functions.