植物脂质应答逆境胁迫生理功能的研究进展

Advances in the physiological functions of plant lipids in response to stresses

摘要:

脂质是生命有机体中一类重要的化合物，可以参与并调节多种生命活动，并且在植物应答非生物胁迫 (盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和温度胁迫等) 过程中发挥着重要生理功能。但长期以来，对于脂质的研究多集中于动物细胞和医学领域，却疏于关注植物研究领域。借助于“组”学思想和生物技术的快速发展，脂质组学由于可以深层次、全面地揭示脂质的组分与功能，近年来备受关注。基于此，文中通过对脂质的功能与分类、脂质组学技术进展、植物脂质响应干旱胁迫、盐胁迫和温度胁迫生理功能进展等的国内外现有研究进行了归纳与总结，并提出了不足与展望，为探索脂质在植物抗逆过程的生理功能和脂质组学等领域深入研究提供一定的基础。

关键词:盐胁迫，干旱胁迫，温度胁迫，脂质，脂质组学

Abstract:

Lipids are important components of living organisms that participate in and regulate a variety of life activities. Lipids in plants also play important physiological functions in response to a variety of abiotic stresses (e.g. salt stress, drought stress, temperature stress). However, most research on lipids focused on animal cells and medical fields, while the functions of lipids in plants were overlooked. With the rapid development of “omics” technologies and biotechnology, the lipidomics has received much attention in recent years because it can reveal the composition and function of lipids in a deep and comprehensive way. This review summarizes the recent advances in the functions and classification of lipids, the development of lipidomics technology, and the responses of plant lipids against drought stress, salt stress and temperature stress. In addition, challenges and prospects were proposed for future lipidomics research and further exploration of the physiological functions of lipids in plant stress resistance.

Key words:salt stress, drought stress, temperature stress, lipid, lipidomics