微生物降解塑料的研究进展

Advances in microbial degradation of plastics

摘要:

塑料广泛应用于人类的生活中，其中约80%的塑料垃圾被填埋，最终成为陆地和海洋垃圾。由于管理与处置不善，这些废弃物造成了巨大的环境污染，目前回收再利用是较好的处置方式，但对某些塑料废弃物并没有妥善的处置方式。生物降解作为环境友好的处置方式，具有巨大的应用潜力。本文对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚氨酯这6种常用塑料的降解微生物及生物降解机制进行了总结，对目前微生物降解塑料存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了促进微生物降解塑料应用的途径，为生物降解塑料菌株和降解酶的开发应用、降解机制研究提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Plastics are widely used in daily life. Due to poor management and disposal, about 80% of plastic wastes were buried in landfills and eventually became land and ocean waste, causing serious environmental pollution. Recycling plastics is a desirable approach, but not applicable for most of the plastic waste. Microbial degradation offers an environmentally friendly way to degrade the plastic wastes, and this review summarizes the potential microbes, enzymes, and the underpinning mechanisms for degrading six most commonly used plastics including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyurethane. The challenges and future perspectives on microbial degradation of plastics were proposed.