植物外源基因组成分鉴定方法的研究进展

Advances in identification methods of alien genomic components in plants

摘要:

具外源基因组成分 (外源染色体/染色体片段/基因) 植株是目前进行基因组学研究以及作物改良的重要材料。迄今为止，已建立了基于性状观测、染色体分析、特异蛋白、DNA序列4种鉴定外源基因组成分的策略。其中，基于DNA序列的分子标记技术是当前鉴定外源基因组成分的主要手段，文中归纳了用于小麦、甘蓝等重要作物外源基因组成分的分子标记，且对简单重复序列 (Simple sequence repeat，SSR)、插入缺失(Insertion-deletion，InDel)、单核苷酸多态性 (Single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP) 等9种标记进行了系统的比较。相比单一的鉴定方法，组合法更全面精准，文中对各组合法的应用情况进行统计和分析，提供了小麦族、芸薹族等作物的最佳鉴定组合。新一代分子标记InDel、SNP易实现高通量检测，对于外源渗入基因的精细定位展现了一定的优越性。此外，可以考虑一些新鉴定方法的加入，如微阵列比较基因组杂交 (Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization，array-CGH)、抑制差减杂交 (Suppression subtractive hybridization，SSH)。

Abstract:

Plants with alien genomic components (alien chromosomes / chromosomal fragments / genes) are important materials for genomic research and crop improvement. To date, four strategies based on trait observation, chromosome analysis, specific proteins, and DNA sequences have been developed for the identification of alien genomic components. Among them, DNA sequence-based molecular markers are mainly used to identify alien genomic components. This review summarized several molecular markers for identification of alien genomic components in wheat, cabbage and other important crops. We also compared the characteristics of nine common molecular markers, such as simple sequence repeat (SSR), insertion-deletion (InDel) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In general, the accuracy of using a combination of different identification methods is higher than using a single identification method. We analyzed the application of different combination of identification methods, and provided the best combination for wheat, brassica and other crops. High-throughput detection can be easily achieved by using the new generation molecular markers such as InDel and SNP, which can be used to determine the precise localization of alien introgression genes. To increase the identification efficiency, other new identification methods, such as microarray comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), may also be included.