果实开裂研究进展

Fruit cracking: a review

摘要:

裂果是果实中普遍发生的一种生理性病害，如番茄、甜樱桃、苹果、枣、石榴、荔枝等均易开裂，这会造成巨大的经济损失和农业资源浪费。裂果是由多种因素综合导致，内因主要为遗传和果实的自身特性，如果实大小、形状、生长速度、含水量、果皮特性、果实开裂相关基因表达情况等；外因主要为生长环境条件，如温度、光照、降水等，以及栽培管理方式，如灌溉、防晒、矿物质和生长调节剂的施用等。文中从以上方面对果实开裂的研究进展进行综述，以期为裂果机理的进一步研究和裂果的防控提供参考。

Abstract:

Fruit cracking is a common physiological disease. Many fruits such as tomato, sweet cherry, apple, jujube, pomegranate, and litchi are liable to crack, causing considerable economic loss and agricultural resources waste. The mechanisms of fruit cracking are comprehensive. Some correlations have been observed between susceptibility of fruit cracking and some fruit traits (genetic, fruit size, fruit shape, fruit growth rate, water content, fruit skin characteristics, related gene expression, etc). Also, environmental condition (temperature, light, rainfall, etc) and orchard management (irrigation, sun-shade, mineral, growth regulator, etc) can influence fruit cracking. Here, progress in studies on fruit cracking is reviewed to provide a reference for prevention and control of fruit cracking.