基于废物资源化的美极梅奇酵母产油研究现状及应用潜力分析

Microbial lipids production from wastes by Metschnikowia pulcherrima: a review

摘要:

清洁可再生能源生物柴油的开发利用是对当今能源短缺环境下化石燃料替代物的有益探索。微生物油脂作为一种可能实现生物柴油廉价、高效生产的原料引起了广泛的关注，但由于封闭式培养模式操作复杂、成本高制约了其大规模应用。美极梅奇酵母Metschnikowia pulcherrmia是一种新型产油酵母，具有适应性强、底物利用范围广、可在开放体系培养等特点，很有潜力代替传统产油微生物，实现基于生物柴油的废水及固废能源化工程应用。文中对美极梅奇酵母相关研究开展了全面调研，在分析其产油研究及应用现状的基础上，总结了美极梅奇酵母在油脂生产方面所具有的独特优势和关键影响因素，突出强调了其在开放体系培养及利用有机废弃物生产微生物油脂的可行性。此外，文中还指出了美极梅奇酵母在油脂产量、产油机理等方面存在的问题与不足，为实现生物柴油高效生产提供了新的方向和思路，有利于进一步促进其工业化应用。

Abstract:

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to addressing the energy shortage problem. Microbial lipids have attracted widespread attention as one of the potential feed-stocks for cost-effective and efficient biodiesel production. However, the large-scale production of microbial lipids is hampered by the complexity and the high cost of aseptic culturing approach. Metschnikowia pulcherrima is an oleaginous yeast with strong environmental adaptability. It is capable of utilizing a wide spectrum of substrates, and can be cultured under non-sterile conditions. Therefore, this yeast has great potential to replace the traditional oleaginous microorganisms, particularly in the area of recycling wastewater and solid waste for the production of biodiesel. Based on the analysis of lipid production and application conditions of M. pulcherrima, this review summarized the unique advantages of M. pulcherrima and the key factors affecting lipids production. We further discussed the feasibility of cultivating M. pulcherrima on various organic wastes under non-sterile conditions for lipids production. Moreover, we analyzed the challenges associated with M. pulcherrima’s in the yield and mechanism for lipids production, and proposed perspectives for how to achieve efficient biodiesel production using this yeast.