光免疫治疗的抗肿瘤研究进展

Advances of using photoimmunotherapy for anticancer treatment

摘要:

光免疫治疗是一种新兴的肿瘤靶向光疗手段，它将单克隆抗体的肿瘤特异性与光吸收剂的光毒性相结合，可以快速且极具免疫原选择性地诱导靶肿瘤细胞的死亡。由于靶向性强，光免疫治疗的副作用小。而且因为该疗法诱导的免疫原性死亡会引起垂死肿瘤细胞周围未成熟树突状细胞的快速成熟，继而将肿瘤抗原提呈给CD8+ T细胞，导致治疗后CD8+ T细胞的激活和增殖，增强宿主抗肿瘤免疫反应。不仅如此，光免疫治疗还能通过增强纳米药物的肿瘤组织穿透性而提高疗效。鉴于光免疫治疗的优良应用前景，文中从其免疫激活机制、超级高渗透长滞留效应、新进展与联合治疗等方面进行综述，旨在为其深入研究和临床转化提供参考。

Abstract:

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging tumor-targeted phototherapy that combines the tumor specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the phototoxicity of light absorbers to rapidly and selectively induce the immunogenic death of target tumor cells. PIT has minimal side effects due to its high specificity. The immunogenic cell death induced by PIT results in rapid maturation of immature dendritic cells proximal to dying tumor cells. Subsequently, the mature dendritic cells present the tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells and induce their activation and proliferation, thus enhancing the antitumor immune response of the host. PIT can also improve the anticancer efficacy by enhancing the penetration of nanomedicines into tumor tissues. In view of the excellent application prospects of PIT, this review summarizes the advances in the immune activation mechanism of PIT, the superenhanced permeability and retention effect, and the new strategies for combinatory therapy, providing references for future research and clinical translation.