典型有机固废厌氧消化微生物研究现状与发展方向

Microorganisms in the typical anaerobic digestion system of organic solid wastes: a review

摘要:

经过人工富集和驯化的兼性和严格厌氧微生物是厌氧消化工艺的核心。不同厌氧消化体系中存在的问题大多可以通过改变微生物群落的代谢活性来得到有效改善。得益于微生物组学检测技术的快速发展，对厌氧消化系统中微生物多样性的认识获得了极大的拓展，同时在微生物类群间、微生物与环境的互作关系研究方面也取得了一系列新的进展。然而，有机固废厌氧消化系统中，各种微生物以及微生物和物质的相互作用构成了更为复杂的代谢网络，所以目前对这些互作关系的解析尚不完善。本文重点关注了厌氧消化过程中的典型菌群互作关系，阐述了典型有机固废厌氧消化系统中存在的问题及微生物在其中发挥的作用，最后，立足于现有组学技术推动的微生物组研究进展，对未来有机固废厌氧消化系统微生物组的研究提出展望。

Abstract:

The facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic microorganisms enriched and acclimated during the anaerobic digestion process are crucial for the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the problems encountered during running anaerobic digestion processes could be effectively improved via stimulation of microbial metabolic activity. Benefited from the rapid development of microbiome techniques, deeper insights into the microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion systems, e.g. the microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-environment interactions, have been gained. A complex and intricate metabolic network exists in the anaerobic digestion system of solid organic wastes. However, little is known about these interactions and the underlying mechanisms. This review briefly summarized the representative interactions between microbial communities during anaerobic digestion process discovered to date. In addition, typical issues encountered during the anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes and how microbes can tackle and alleviate these issues were discussed. Finally, future priorities on microbiome research were proposed based on present contribution of microbiome analysis in anaerobic digestion system.