降解石油基塑料的微生物及微生物菌群

Degradation of petroleum-based plastics by microbes and microbial consortia

摘要:

伴随着环境污染的日益严重，处理“白色污染”成为人们面临的一个棘手难题，而各种合成塑料因为应用广泛且很难降解成为其“主要元凶”。利用自然界存在的或者是进化产生的微生物可降解合成塑料是一种环境友好型的策略。以国家自然科学基金国际 (地区) 合作和交流 (中欧组织间合作研究NSFC-EU) 项目“合成塑料降解转化微生物菌群”为基础，总结近年来筛选到的能够降解合成塑料，如聚乙烯 (Polyethylene，PE)、聚丙烯 (Polypropylene，PP)、聚苯乙烯 (Polystyrene，PS)、聚氯乙烯 (Polyvinyl chloride，PVC)、聚氨酯 (Polyurethane，PUR)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (Polyethylene terephthalate，PET) 的纯细菌、纯真菌及微生物菌群的研究状况，分析了各种微生物在石油基塑料降解中的作用，讨论了微生物及其降解酶对合成塑料降解研究的优缺点。

Abstract:

Along with the increasingly serious environmental pollution, dealing with the “white pollution” issue, which is caused by the worldwide use of not readily-degradable or non-degradable synthetic plastics, has become a great challenge. It is an environmentally friendly strategy to degrade synthetic plastics using microorganisms that exist in nature or evolved under selection pressure. Based on the NSFC-EU International Cooperation and Exchanges Project “Bio Innovation of a Circular Economy for Plastics”, this review summarized the screening of bacteria, fungi and microbial consortia capable of degrading synthetic plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We also analyzed the role of various microorganisms played in the degradation of petroleum-based plastics. Moreover, we discussed the pros and cons of using microorganisms and enzymes for degradation of synthetic plastics.