多环芳烃污染土壤生物修复研究进展

Advances in bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil

摘要:

多环芳烃 (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs) 是一类广泛分布于环境中的持久性污染物，结构稳定、难以降解，对生态环境和生物具有“三致”毒害性，其环境去除和修复备受关注。绿色、安全、经济的生物修复技术被广泛应用于PAHs污染土壤的修复。本文从土壤中PAHs的来源、迁移、归趋和污染水平总结了目前我国土壤多环芳烃污染的基本状况；归纳了具有PAHs降解作用的微生物、植物种类及机理；比较了微生物修复、植物修复和联合修复3类主要的生物修复技术。指出植物与微生物的互作机理的解析，抗逆菌株、植株的筛选与培育，实际应用的安全和效能评估应成为多环芳烃污染土壤修复领域未来的研究方向。

Abstract:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their stable structure and poor degradability, PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity to the ecological environment and organisms, thus increasing attentions have been paid to their removals and remediation. Green, safe and economical technologies are widely used in the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil. This article summarizes the present status of PAHs pollution in soil of China from the aspects of origin, migration, fate, and pollution level. Meanwhile, the types of microorganisms and plants capable of degrading PAHs, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are summarized. The features of three major bioremediation technologies, i.e., microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and joint remediation, are compared. Analysis of the interaction mechanisms between plants and microorganisms, selection and cultivation of stress-resistant strains and plants, as well as safety and efficacy evaluation of practical applications, are expected to become future directions in this field.