微生物强化修复石油污染土壤的研究进展

Advances in the bioaugmentation-assisted remediation of petroleum contaminated soil

摘要:

微生物修复被认为是去除石油污染物和修复石油污染土壤的一种经济、高效且无二次污染的绿色清洁技术。受土壤环境条件和石油污染物性质等因素制约，土壤中土著石油降解微生物常存在数量不足、活性偏低、生长缓慢等问题，导致修复效果不佳、修复周期偏长。微生物强化修复技术可有效提高微生物降解效能，通过投加具有降解效能的功能菌株或菌剂、营养物质、表面活性剂、生长基质及固定化微生物等手段，可改善提升土著微生物对石油污染土壤的修复效果。文中梳理了已报道的石油降解微生物的种类，总结了微生物修复石油污染土壤的主要影响因素，阐述了微生物强化修复石油土壤的多种有效策略，提出了微生物强化修复石油污染的未来发展方向。

Abstract:

Bioremediation is considered as a cost-effective, efficient and free-of-secondary-pollution technology for petroleum pollution remediation. Due to the limitation of soil environmental conditions and the nature of petroleum pollutants, the insufficient number and the low growth rate of indigenous petroleum-degrading microorganisms in soil lead to long remediation cycle and poor remediation efficiency. Bioaugmentation can effectively improve the biodegradation efficiency. By supplying functional microbes or microbial consortia, immobilized microbes, surfactants and growth substrates, the remediation effect of indigenous microorganisms on petroleum pollutants in soil can be boosted. This article summarizes the reported petroleum-degrading microbes and the main factors influencing microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Moreover, this article discusses a variety of effective strategies to enhance the bioremediation efficiency, as well as future directions of bioaugmentation strategies.