阴道菌群移植治疗细菌性阴道炎的发展现状及展望

Vaginal microbiota transplantation for treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a review

摘要:

细菌性阴道炎 (Bacterial vaginosis，BV) 是由患者阴道内菌群失调导致的一类疾病。当前常规的抗生素疗法可进一步加剧阴道菌群失衡、破坏阴道酸性环境、导致耐药，因此其对BV治愈率低，复发率高。作为一种新兴的活菌疗法，阴道菌群移植 (Vaginal microbiota transplantation，VMT) 直接将健康妇女完整的阴道菌群“嫁接”给患者，可迅速恢复患者阴道菌群的平衡，改善患者的整体健康。文中对VMT的发展历程进行了回顾，讨论了VMT发展过程中面临的难题及发展方向，以期寻求新的治疗BV的策略，加速VMT的临床应用。

Abstract:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a disease caused by vaginal microbiota dysbiosis. The conventional antibiotic treatment can aggravate microbial dysbiosis, alter the acid environment of the vagina and lead to drug resistance, thus shows low cure rate and high recurrence rate. This poses significant physiological and psychological burden to the BV patients. Vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) is a novel live biotherapeutic approach. It directly engrafts the whole vaginal microbiota from healthy women to the vaginal tract of patients to rapidly reconstruct the vaginal microbiota environment and restore the vaginal health. This article summarizes the development, present challenges, and future directions of using VMT, with the aim to explore new strategies for treatment of BV and promote the clinical use of VMT.