基于菌群调控下的天然植物活性成分与全食态健康效用评价

The health benefits of the active ingredients and whole food components of natural plants through regulating the flora

摘要:

肠道菌群与人体共同协作，菌群在帮助宿主对食物中的营养成分进行深入消化与利用的同时，也一同分享宿主为其提供的生存空间与营养物质，这是微生物与宿主之间形成的一种互利共生的特殊共存方式。这样的精妙结合，不仅使得微生物在人体中形成了固有的菌群结构，得到赖以生存的生物基位，也通过自身的功能代谢以及群体信号，为宿主在免疫、营养等方面提供所必需的调节与支撑。围绕药食同源天然植物的健康作用研究，目前大多着眼于对其功能组分的分离提取与活性评价。如植物多糖、多酚与黄酮等活性功能成分。然而在传统中医药中，植物多以全食态进行复配应用。目前在菌群水平研究中发现，对于影响人体健康水平的菌群模式并非固定且依赖于某一单菌种变化，微生物之间的生态竞争与代谢调控均以群体的方式与宿主持续进行共进化。药食同源天然植物，对菌群的调节作用主要还是依靠其全食态，这也从菌群这个微观生态环境的角度为传统中医学理论中对于中药食材即天然植物全食状态下的药效提供了重要佐证。因此，对于药食同源天然植物的开发与利用，应当结合菌群整体的调控进行分析，并对其全食状态与活性功能组分有充分的认识与评价。

Abstract:

With the cooperation of bacteria and the human body, the nutrients in food are deeply digested, utilized, and shared. In addition, symbiosis is formed between microorganisms and hosts. Such a delicate combination makes the microorganisms form the inherent flora in the human body. They obtain the biological basis for survival, and provide the necessary regulation and support for the host in terms of immunity and nutrition, through their functional metabolism and population signals. At present, most of the researches focus on the isolation and evaluation of the functional components of plants, such as plant polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and other active functional components. However, in traditional Chinese medicine, plants are often used with whole food components. To date, studies have found that the dynamics of flora affecting human health are not fixed, nor dependent on the change of a single strain. The ecological competition and metabolic regulation between microorganisms are usually coevolved with the host. The regulatory effect of natural plants for both medicine and food mainly depends on their whole food components. This provides evidence to support the role of whole food components played in promoting the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine from the perspective of microenvironment. Therefore, the development and utilization of medicinal and edible natural plant activities should be fully understood and evaluated with flora regulation.