长链非编码RNA在白血病发生发展中的调控机制研究进展

Regulatory mechanism of long noncoding RNA in the occurrence and development of leukemia: a review

摘要:

长链非编码RNA (Long noncoding RNA，lncRNA) 是一类长度大于200 nt且不具备蛋白编码能力或仅编码微肽的RNA分子。LncRNA参与调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等生物学过程，与多种恶性血液病的发生、复发及转移密切相关。文章结合最新研究报道，对lncRNA在白血病发生过程中异常表达的功能、调控机制和潜在临床应用方面进行综述。概括了lncRNA可以通过表观遗传修饰、核糖体RNA转录、竞争性结合miRNA，以及参与糖代谢途径、活化肿瘤相关信号通路等多种方式调控白血病的发生发展及化疗中产生的多药耐药性。这些机制研究为深入了解白血病的发病机理、发现新的预后标志物和潜在的治疗靶标，为解决临床上治疗白血病所面临的患者耐药性的产生和治疗后复发等难题提供了新的参考依据。

关键词:长链非编码RNA，白血病，调控机制，诊断与预后，生物标志物

Abstract:

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are greater than 200 nt in length and do not have protein-coding capabilities or encode micropeptides only. LncRNAs are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other biological processes, and are closely associated with the occurrence, recurrence and metastasis of a variety of malignant hematologic diseases. This article summarizes the function, regulatory mechanism and potential clinical application of lncRNAs in leukemia. In general, lncRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of leukemia and the multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy through epigenetic modification, ribosomal RNA transcription, competitive binding with miRNA, modulating glucose metabolic pathway, and activating tumor-related signaling pathway. Studies on lncRNAs provide new references for understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia, uncovering new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, and addressing the problems of drug resistance and post-treatment recurrence in patients in clinical treatment of leukemia.

Key words:long noncoding RNA, leukemia, regulatory mechanisms, diagnosis and prognosis, biomarker