褐藻寡糖的制备方法及生物活性研究进展

Advances in the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides and its biological functions

摘要:

褐藻胶是一类多糖聚合物，由于其独特的理化性质和有益健康的作用，已被广泛应用于制药和食品工业。然而，由于褐藻胶的水溶性低、黏度大，进而限制了褐藻胶的开发和应用。褐藻寡糖(alginate oligosaccharide, AOS) 是褐藻胶的降解产物，由于其分子量低、水溶性高、安全无毒等特点，近年来受到广泛关注。AOS独特的生物活性与其结构的多样性密切相关，可通过不同的制备方法获得具有特定结构和不同生物活性的AOS。文中对褐藻胶制备AOS的方法以及AOS的抗肿瘤、免疫调节功能、抗炎、抗氧化、益生元和抗糖尿病等生物活性进行了综述，并对AOS的结构与生物活性之间的关系进行了阐述，以期为AOS的深入研究与应用提供理论基础。

Abstract:

Alginate is a group of polyuronic saccharides that are widely used in pharmaceutical and food industry due to its unique physicochemical properties and beneficial health effects. However, the low water solubility and high viscosity of alginate hampered its application. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a decomposition product of alginate and has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight, high water solubility, safety, and non-toxicity. The wide-ranging biological functions of AOS are closely related to its structural diversity. AOS with distinct structures and biological functions can be obtained by different methods of preparation. This review summarized the biological functions of AOS reported to date, including anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, prebiotic, and anti-diabetes. The preparation of AOS, as well as the relationship between the structure and biological functions of AOS were discussed, with the aim to provide a reference for further development and application of AOS.