脂肪含量和肥胖相关蛋白介导的mRNA m6A修饰对动物脂肪沉积的作用及其应用前景

The effect of fat mass and obesity associated proteins mediated mRNA m6A modification on animal fat deposition and its application prospects

摘要:

在动物脂肪沉积过程中，前体脂肪细胞增殖、分化和脂滴甘油三酯水平的变化受到一系列转录因子和信号通路的调节。目前研究者虽对脂肪形成的转录调控机制进行了深入研究，但对转录后mRNA水平修饰的报道相对较少。甲基化转移酶、去甲基化酶和甲基化阅读蛋白共同调控的mRNA m⁶A修饰是动态可逆的且与脂肪沉积密切相关。脂肪含量和肥胖相关蛋白(fat mass and obesity associated, FTO) 作为RNA去甲基化酶，影响被修饰基因的表达，在脂肪沉积中起关键作用。文中系统分析并总结了FTO介导的mRNA m⁶A去甲基化对动物脂肪沉积的作用及分子调控机制的研究进展，提示FTO可能成为有效治疗肥胖症的靶点; 还对近年来研发FTO抑制剂的情况进行了总结，并展望其在治疗肥胖症方面的研究前景。

Abstract:

In the process of animal fat deposition, the proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes and the change of lipid droplet content in adipocytes are regulated by a series of transcription factors and signal pathways. Although researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of adipogenesis, there are relatively few reports on post-transcriptional modification on mRNA levels. The modification of mRNA m⁶A regulated by methyltransferase, demethylase and methylation reading protein is a dynamic and reversible process, which is closely related to fat deposition in animals. Fat mass and obesity associated proteins (FTO) act as RNA demethylases that affect the expression of modified genes and play a key role in fat deposition. This article summarized the mechanism of FTO-mediated demethylation of mRNA m⁶A in the process of animal fat deposition, suggesting that FTO may become a target for effective treatment of obesity. Moreover, this review summarized the development of FTO inhibitors in recent years.