单萜类化合物的微生物合成

Microbial synthesis of monoterpenoids: a review

摘要:

单萜类化合物是萜类化合物的一种，一般具有挥发性和较强的香气，部分单萜还具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎等生理活性，是医药、食品和化妆品工业的重要原料。近年来，利用微生物异源合成单萜类化合物的研究引起了科研人员的广泛关注，但因产量低、生产成本高等限制了其大规模应用。合成生物学的迅猛发展为微生物生产单萜类化合物提供了新的手段，通过改造微生物细胞可以得到不同种类的重组菌株，用于生产不同性能的单萜类化合物。文中将围绕单萜类化合物生物合成途径的设计与改造、高产单萜类化合物底盘细胞的设计与优化等几个方面阐述合成生物学应用于微生物生产单萜类化合物中的最新策略与进展。

关键词:单萜类化合物;代谢途径;微生物;合成生物学

Abstract:

Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, which make them important raw materials for medicine, food and cosmetics industry. In recent years, the heterologous synthesis of monoterpenoids by microorganisms has attracted extensive attention. However, its large-scale application is greatly hampered by the low yield and high production cost. Nowadays, the rapid development of synthetic biology provides new approaches for enhancing the production of monoterpenoids by microorganisms. Different kinds of recombinant strains can be obtained via engineering of microbial cells to produce a variety of monoterpenoids with different properties. This paper summarized the latest strategies and progress in the application of synthetic biology to produce monoterpenoids by microorganisms, including the design and modification of biosynthetic pathway, as well as the design and optimization of high-yield monoterpenoids producing chassis cells.

Key words:monoterpenoids;metabolic pathway;microorganism;synthetic biology