微藻与其他微生物共培养的研究进展及应用

Advances in the co-culture of microalgae with other microorganisms and applications

摘要:

化石燃料的挖掘和燃烧导致环境污染以及气候变化。与化石燃料相比，微藻被认为是一种更有前途的生物柴油生产原料，它具有生长速度快、含油量高、不占用耕地的特点。尽管微藻被认为是生产第三代生物燃料的最佳生产者之一，但单独培养微藻容易污染且采收成本高，与化石燃料和传统可再生能源相比缺乏竞争力。利用微藻与其他微生物共培养能够实现自絮凝降低微藻采收成本，而且培养体系不易污染、油脂产率与高价值副产物产量较高。因此，微藻与其他微生物共培养是一种经济、节能、高效的技术，具有广阔的应用前景。文中综述了近年来微藻与其他微生物共培养的研究现状、相互作用机制以及影响微藻产油的因素，总结了微藻与其他微生物共培养技术的应用，最后对微藻与其他微生物共培养体系发展的前景与挑战进行了展望。

关键词:微藻;共培养;油脂;生物量;机制;应用

Abstract:

Intense utilization and mining of fossil fuels for energy production have resulted in environmental pollution and climate change. Compared to fossil fuels, microalgae is considered as a promising candidate for biodiesel production due to its fast growth rate, high lipid content and no occupying arable land. However, monocultural microalgae bear high cost of harvesting, and are prone to contamination, making them incompetent compared with traditional renewable energy sources. Co-culture system induces self-flocculation, which may reduce the cost of microalgae harvesting and the possibility of contamination. In addition, the productivity of lipid and high-value by-products are higher in co-culture system. Therefore, co-culture system represents an economic, energy saving, and efficient technology. This review aims to highlight the advances in the co-culture system, including the mechanisms of interactions between microalgae and other microorganisms, the factors affecting the lipid production of co-culture, and the potential applications of co-culture system. Finally, the prospects and challenges to algal co-culture systems were also discussed.

Key words:microalgae;co-culture;lipid;biomass;mechanism;application