微载体技术在软骨损伤修复中的应用与展望

Application of microcarrier technology in cartilage repairing:a review

摘要:

软骨内部无血管结构、细胞外基质含量高的特点，使软骨组织的自我恢复能力很差。在临床治疗中，轻度的软骨缺损通常采用物理治疗或药物治疗方式，严重者需进行手术治疗。近年来，软骨组织工程技术为治疗软骨缺损提供了新的思路，与传统的手术治疗方式相比，结合软骨组织工程技术进行治疗具有创口小、恢复佳的优点。将微载体技术融入组织工程支架的设计中，可以利用微载体直径小、能够负载多种生长因子的特点，进一步扩展支架功能、促进软骨组织再生。文中首先对微载体技术进行介绍，对近年来微载体的主要制备方式和创新内容进行了概括总结，作为后续介绍的基础内容。然后对应用于软骨修复中的微载体进行了材料和功能上的划分，介绍了不同材料、不同功能微载体的属性特征和在软骨修复方面的具体应用，最后结合该领域发展历程对其今后发展趋势及方向进行展望，并基于笔者团队关于骨软骨一体化层状支架的研究，提出了通过微载体优化层状支架性能的思路，有望制备出更贴合天然软骨结构特征的仿生支架。

Abstract:

Cartilage has poor self-recovery because of its characteristics of no blood vessels and high extracellular matrix.In clinical treatment,physical therapy or drug therapy is usually used for mild cartilage defects,and surgical treatment is needed for severe ones.In recent years,cartilage tissue engineering technology provides a new way for the treatment of cartilage defects.Compared with the traditional surgical treatment,cartilage tissue engineering technology has the advantages of small wound and good recovery.The application of microcarrier technology in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds further expands the function of scaffolds and promotes cartilage regeneration.This review summarized the main preparation methods and development of microcarrier technology in recent years.Subsequently,the properties and specific application scenarios of microcarriers with different materials and functions were introduced according to the materials and functions of microcarriers used in cartilage repair.Based on our research on osteochondral integrated layered scaffolds,we proposed an idea of optimizing the performance of layered scaffolds through microcarriers,which is expected to prepare bionic scaffolds that are more suitable for the structural characteristics of natural cartilage.