利用CRISPR-Cas系统防控细菌耐药性的研究进展

Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance using CRISPR-Cas system:a review

摘要:

细菌多重耐药是医药健康、农林牧渔、生态环境等多领域共同面临的全球性挑战。抗生素耐药基因跨物种跨区域传播是导致细菌多重耐药形成的重要原因。然而,目前尚无有效方案解决日益严峻的细菌多重耐药问题。由规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列和与之相关的蛋白组成的CRISPR-Cas系统,可靶向切割进入细菌的外源核酸,具有防控耐药基因转移导致细菌多重耐药的应用潜力。文中在简要介绍CRISPR-Cas系统作用机制的基础上,着重讨论近年来以质粒、噬菌体、纳米粒子等载体传递CRISPR-Cas工具消减耐药基因的研究进展,进而展望该研究领域的发展趋势,为防控细菌多重耐药性提供新的思考方向。

Abstract:

Bacterial multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge in the fields of medicine and health,agriculture and fishery,ecology and environment.The cross-region spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among different species is one of the main cause of bacterial MDR.However,there is no effective strategies for addressing the intensifying bacterial MDR.The CRISPR-Cas system,consisting of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins,can targetedly degrade exogenous nucleic acids,thus exhibiting high application potential in preventing and controlling bacterial MDR caused by ARGs.This review briefly introduced the working mechanism of CRISPR-Cas systems,followed by discussing recent advances in reducing ARGs by CRISPR-Cas systems delivered through mediators (e.g.plasmids,bacteriophages and nanoparticle).Moreover,the trends of this research field were envisioned,providing a new perspective on preventing and controlling MDR.