固有无序蛋白研究进展及其对细胞胁迫耐受性的影响

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and the impact on cell stress resistance

摘要:

固有无序蛋白(intrinsically disordered proteins,IDPs)是指在生理条件下缺乏有序稳定的高级结构,整体或局部不折叠,但能够参与多种生物学过程、行使特定生物学功能的一类蛋白质。固有无序蛋白决定了其不同于经典蛋白质"序列-结构-功能"的功能范式,丰富了蛋白质"结构-功能"的多样性。固有无序蛋白普遍存在于生物体中,通常具有高亲水性、带电性、氨基酸重复性高和排列序列简单等一级结构特征,并因此产生易结合性和高度协调性等利于蛋白质发挥功能的优势性能。在不同生物的研究中表明无序蛋白对细胞胁迫响应具有重要的影响,其过表达可提高生物对多种胁迫条件包括冷冻、高盐、热激和干燥等的耐受性。本文在简要介绍固有无序蛋白的特性、分类及鉴定的基础上,重点阐述其提高细胞抗胁迫能力的分子机理,并对固有无序蛋白的应用前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins or protein regions that fail to get folded into definite three-dimensional structures but participate in various biological processes and perform specific functions.Defying the traditional protein "sequence-structure-function" paradigm,they enrich the protein "structure-function" diversity.Ubiquitous in organisms,they show extreme hydrophilicity,charged amino acids,and highly repetitive amino acid sequences,with simple arrangement.As a result,they feature highly variable binding affinities and high coordination,which facilitate their functions.IDPs play an important role in cell stress response,which can improve the tolerance to a variety of stresses,such as freezing,high salt,heat shock,and desiccation.In this study,we briefed the characteristics,classifications,and identification of IDPs,summarized the molecular mechanism in improving cell stress resistance,and described the potential applications.