生物可降解塑料在不同环境条件下的降解研究进展

Advance in the degradation of biodegradable plastics in different environments

摘要:

当前社会塑料制品的使用需求持续增加，塑料垃圾处理压力不断增大，减缓塑料污染成为当务之急，生物可降解塑料因可在一定生物活性环境下较快降解而备受关注，具有广阔的应用前景。生物可降解塑料降解条件复杂，影响因素众多，对不同生物可降解塑料降解规律，降解微生物和功能酶的透彻掌握，是实现其全面利用和高效资源化处理处置的基础和前提。文章系统梳理了常见生物可降解塑料的种类、性能、优缺点和主要用途，全面综述了生物可降解塑料的降解机理、降解微生物和功能酶，以及生物可降解塑料在不同环境条件下的降解周期和程度，以期为生物可降解塑料的微生物降解研究提供借鉴，为生物可降解塑料废弃物的高效处理处置和彻底降解提供科学参考。

Abstract:

With the continuously increasing demands of plastic products in the current society, the challenge of disposing plastic waste is constantly increasing, leading to the urgent need of mitigating plastic pollution. As a consequence, much attention has been paid to biodegradable plastics due to their degradability in a bio-active environment under certain conditions. Biodegradable plastics herald vast development potentials and considerable market prospects. The degradation of numerous types of biodegradable plastics will be affected by many factors. A thorough understanding of degradation mechanisms as well as functional microbial strains and enzymes is the key to comprehensive utilization and efficient treatment and disposal of biodegradable plastics. The article summarized the types, properties, advantages and disadvantages, and main applications of common biodegradable plastics. The degradation mechanisms, functional microbial strains and enzymes, as well as the degradation degree and duration under different environmental conditions, were also summarized. This review may help better understand the degradation of biodegradable plastics wastes.